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Ivan Sviták (10 October 1925 in Hranice na Moravě – 20 October 1994 in Prague) was a Czech philosopher, critic, and poet who ranked among Europe's most prominent proponents of Marxist humanism. In a vast oeuvre of essays, Sviták addressed questions of democracy and socialism, of art in bureaucratic and consumer societies, and of the "unbearable burden" of political catastrophe in Czech history.〔''The Unbearable Burden of History: The Sovietization of Czechoslovakia'', Academia, 1990.〕 In addition, Sviták wrote an extensive body of fiction and poetry, in which he "sought a unity of philosophy, literature, and politics, a unity of engagement, wisdom, and poetry."〔''Nevědecká antropologie : dialectica modo bohemico demonstrata'' ("Unscientific Anthropology"), Chico, California, 1984, p. 194.〕 In this, Sviták consciously followed in the footsteps of the surrealist movement that he admired and critically defended on numerous occasions〔e.g. "The Surrealist Image of Humankind," ''Cultural Correspondence'', No. 12-13-14, 1981〕 In the 1960s, Sviták was one of Czechoslovakia's most vocal advocates of democratic socialism (a distinction he shared with Karel Kosík, Czechoslovakia's other prominent Marxist humanist philosopher). After the Warsaw Pact invasion of Czechoslovakia in August 1968, Sviták was stripped of his citizenship and sentenced to a lengthy jail term. Instead of serving the jail term, he chose to emigrate,〔As reported by Sviták himself on the jacket of books published after that period.〕 first to New York and in 1970 to Chico, California, where he was offered an academic position. Sviták worked at Cal State Chico until 1990, when he returned to Czechoslovakia after the end of Communist Party rule. In the early 1990s Sviták remained a staunch proponent of democratic socialism, turning his critical pen to the new, post-Communist regime.〔''Ztracené iluze : výroční zpráva o sametové revoluci'', Prague 1990.〕 He died in Prague in 1994. == Selected Publications in English == * ''Man and his World: A Marxian View'', New York, Dell Pub. Co., 1970 (translation of ''Lidský smysl kultury,'' including a slightly different selection of essays) * ''The Czechoslovak Experiment, 1968-1969'', New York, Columbia U. Press, 1971 * “Illusions of Czech Socialist Democracy”. (''Telos'' ) 22 (Winter 1974-75). New York: Telos Press. * ''The Unbearable Burden of History: The Sovietization of Czechoslovakia'', Academia, 1990 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Ivan Sviták」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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